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Anatomy and Physiology of the Foregut Quiz
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Which region of the stomach surrounds the sphincter that controls the passage of gastric contents into the duodenum?
- A Pyloric region of the stomach You picked ✓
- B Cardia of the stomach You picked ✕
- C Fundus of the stomach You picked ✕
- D Greater curvature of the stomach You picked ✕
- E Body of the stomach You picked ✕
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The answer is A: Pyloric region of the stomach
Explanation
Why A is correct
See Anatomy of the Stomach. Option A is correct because the pyloric region is the funnel-shaped end of the stomach that leads to the duodenum, and it contains the pyloric sphincter, a ring of thickened muscle that lies between the stomach and the first part of the duodenum. The sphincter controls the exit of chyme, the semi-liquid mixture of food and gastric acid, so that the stomach empties in small, regulated portions. The pylorus is divided into the pyloric antrum, the pyloric canal and the sphincter itself, and the junction marks the end of the stomach and the start of the small intestine. The four main regions can be remembered in order along the stomach, following the path of food: cardia (the entrance), fundus (the dome), body (the main part) and pylorus (the gatekeeper).
- Region: the pyloric region is the funnel-shaped end of the stomach that leads to the duodenum.
- Sphincter: the pyloric sphincter is a ring of thickened muscle between the stomach and the first part of the duodenum.
- Function: it releases chyme in small, regulated portions.
Why the other options are incorrect
- B. Cardia of the stomach: The cardia surrounds the opening where the oesophagus enters the stomach and is next to the lower oesophageal sphincter, at the opposite end of the stomach. It guards the entrance, not the exit. It would be right for a question about the junction with the oesophagus. Your answer
- C. Fundus of the stomach: The fundus is the rounded dome above and to the left of the cardia, and it often holds gas and food. It sits at the top of the stomach and has nothing to do with the exit. It would be right for a question about the gas bubble seen on an upright chest film. Your answer
- D. Greater curvature of the stomach: The greater curvature is the long, convex left border of the stomach, so it is an edge rather than a region. It carries the attachment of the greater omentum and does not surround a sphincter. It would be right for a question about omental attachments. Your answer
- E. Body of the stomach: The body is the large central part of the stomach where mixing and acid secretion mostly occur. It lies between the fundus and the pylorus and does not surround any sphincter. It would be right for a question about the main digestive part of the stomach. Your answer
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